Last Updated: ｜ Reviewed by:Makoto Sano, Immigration Lawyer
Spouses of Japanese nationals, permanent residents, and special permanent residents may qualify for Permanent Residence (永住) without waiting for the general 10-year residence period.
The key residence exception is generally at least three years of a genuine marriage plus at least one continuous year of residence in Japan. Your current period of stay, timely payment of taxes, pension and health insurance, and the actual substance of your married and family life must also be reviewed.
This section focuses on cases where applicants apply for permanent residency from a Spouse of Japanese National visa. In practice, both statuses—“Spouse or Child of Japanese National” and “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident”—are reviewed under the same examination criteria and document structure by the Immigration Bureau.
Therefore, throughout this page, we collectively refer to these as “Spouse of Japanese National Visa.”
The following applicants are covered on this page:
Spouse of a Japanese national
Those married to a Japanese citizen. The duration of marriage and the actual cohabitation and living situation in Japan are key points in the permanent residency examination.
Spouse of a permanent resident
Foreign nationals married to a permanent resident. Legally, they fall under the “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident” status, but the requirements for permanent residency are treated the same as those for a Japanese spouse.
Spouse of a special permanent resident
Foreign nationals married to a special permanent resident. Other than submitting a copy of the “Special Permanent Resident Certificate,” the examination criteria are identical to other spouse visa holders.
Biological child of a Japanese national, permanent resident, or special permanent resident
Children born in Japan as biological children of Japanese nationals, permanent residents, or special permanent residents, who hold the visa status “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” or “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident.”
The Spouse of Japanese National visa (legally “Spouse or Child of Japanese National / Permanent Resident”) allows unrestricted work and minimal limitations on daily life. Therefore, many people feel they can live comfortably without obtaining permanent residency.
However, if you do not hold permanent residency, you may lose your legal status in Japan if your relationship with your spouse or guardian changes—for example, due to the death or divorce of a Japanese, permanent resident, or special permanent resident spouse, or the death of a parent.
In principle, once a marriage or dependency relationship ends, those with a “Spouse or Child of Japanese / Permanent Resident” visa cannot maintain their current status.
Immigration law requires notification to the Immigration Bureau within 14 days of the death or divorce of a spouse, and at that point, you must consider how to continue your stay in Japan.
In many cases, applicants will need to change their status to “Long-Term Resident,” but if they do not meet the requirements, the application may be denied, forcing them to leave Japan.
Likewise, for those residing in Japan as biological children under parental support, the death of a parent or loss of guardianship may also result in losing the basis for residency. Holding permanent residency protects you from such situations and allows you to continue living in Japan independently.
Therefore, applying for permanent residency as soon as you meet the conditions is the most reliable way to ensure stable residence in Japan, independent of your spouse or guardian’s status. Once granted, permanent residency eliminates renewal requirements and minimizes the impact of changes in family or employment situations.
Regardless of the type of visa, the Immigration Services Agency of Japan applies common screening standards when examining permanent residency applications. These standards are assessed comprehensively based on three pillars: personal status, economic stability, and social reliability. In other words, your actual daily life in Japan becomes the subject of examination.
For Permanent Residence applications, financial and employment information is reviewed as part of the applicant’s overall circumstances. However, the Immigration Services Agency of Japan does not publish “JPY 3 million annual income” as a uniform approval threshold.
In addition, spouses of Japanese nationals, permanent residents, and special permanent residents are not required to satisfy the statutory independent-livelihood requirement in the same way as ordinary applicants.
Income and employment documents are still submitted, so the household’s actual living situation should be explained with appropriate evidence. The assessment depends on the individual case and should not be reduced to a single income figure.
The most important point in a permanent residency application is the proper payment of taxes, pension contributions, and insurance premiums.
For spouse visa holders, residence and income tax payments for the past three years and pension/health insurance payments for the past two years (for biological children, one year for both taxes and insurance) are generally examined. However, in permanent residency examinations, not only unpaid amounts but even a record of past arrears or late payments can often lead to a denial of permission (this applies to both the applicant and the supporting spouse).
We have summarized the details of how unpaid or late payments of taxes, pension, and health insurance premiums affect permanent residency applications on the following page. Please refer to it if needed.
Specialists explain how unpaid, overdue, or delayed payments of taxes, pension, and health insurance premiums affect permanent residency applications and what countermeasures are available.
“Good conduct” essentially means living in Japan in a lawful manner as a member of the community, without causing trouble to others.
Naturally, if you have serious traffic violations or past legal troubles, your permanent residency application is likely to be denied.
We have summarized details on how traffic violations affect permanent residency applications on the following page. Please refer to it if needed.
ACROSEED Immigration Lawyer's Office clearly explains the differences between red tickets, blue tickets, and fines, and how they affect permanent residency and reapplication.
For spouse visa holders, it is common to temporarily stay abroad for childbirth, childcare at the family home, or caregiving for parents in their home country.
In permanent residency examinations, it is important that the applicant’s base of life is in Japan—living together with family, having a stable place of residence, and having one’s daily life centered in Japan. If you spend around 100 days or more abroad in a year, you need to be particularly careful.
Details about the number of days spent outside Japan and its impact on permanent residency applications are summarized on the following page. Please refer to it if needed.
Does a large number of days abroad put you at a disadvantage for permanent residency? We explain the practical benchmark (around 100 days per year), work-related trips abroad under work visas, and long stays abroad due to childbirth, etc.
For those residing in Japan under a Spouse of Japanese National / Spouse of Permanent Resident visa, there is a special rule based on the marital relationship. Compared to other visa categories, the required period of stay is shorter, and it is characteristic that applicants can apply for permanent residency after “three years of marriage and at least one year of residence in Japan.”
For permanent residency applications from work visas, a total of 10 years of residence in Japan is generally required. However, if you are the spouse of a Japanese national or permanent resident and meet both of the conditions below, you may apply for a permanent resident visa:
The three-year requirement for genuine marital life does not apply only to years spent living together in Japan. Time spent living together abroad is also counted.
Therefore, it is possible, for example, to apply for a permanent resident visa after living together abroad for more than two years, then moving to Japan and living here for one year.
“Genuine marital life” means that there is no reasonable doubt of a sham marriage.
Needless to say, long-term separation or very frequent returns to the home country without the spouse may make it difficult to obtain permanent residency from a Spouse of Japanese National visa.
Holders of a spouse visa must notify the immigration authorities within 14 days if they divorce or are widowed. In addition, if they move to a new address, they must also complete procedures to update the address on their residence card.
As of 2025, we have not seen cases where permanent residency was denied solely due to failure to complete these procedures. However, if such obligations have been neglected, it may have an adverse effect on the examination, so it is an important point to keep in mind.
The Guidelines for Permission for Permanent Residence generally require applicants to be residing in Japan with the maximum period of stay available under their current status of residence.
Until March 31, 2027, a three-year period of stay is also treated as the maximum period of stay. Accordingly, in 2026, a spouse-visa holder with a three-year or five-year period of stay may satisfy this part of the requirement. A one-year period of stay generally does not satisfy it.
From April 1, 2027, the treatment of a three-year period of stay changes. However, a transitional measure applies to people who hold a three-year period of stay as of March 31, 2027. This does not mean that every person with a three-year period will automatically be unable to apply after April 2027. The correct assessment depends on the period of stay held and the application timing.
Support for spouse-visa renewal with future Permanent Residence planning in mind.
For biological children of Japanese nationals, permanent residents, or special permanent residents residing under the status of “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” or “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident,” the requirements are more relaxed than other categories. Screening is mainly based on the living record over the most recent one year.
Thus, in permanent residency applications for biological children, the most important criterion is whether the applicant’s base of life is in Japan. Required documents tend to be simpler, focusing mainly on taxation and tax payment certificates for the most recent year, records of pension and insurance, residence certificates, and certificates of enrollment at school.
If you are considering applying for permanent residency from a Spouse of Japanese National visa, it is important to first confirm whether you meet the general requirements for permanent residency approval.
In this test, you can easily check whether you, as a spouse of a Japanese national or permanent resident, currently meet the conditions for permanent residency from the perspective of length of residence, conduct, income, tax payment, social insurance, and family composition.
All questions are in a simple “Yes/No” format, and the result page will clearly show which points need improvement, if any.
Please start by taking our Permanent Residency Eligibility Self-Check Test using the button below.
When applying for Permanent Residence from a spouse visa, the points that need to be reviewed vary depending not only on the length of the marriage and period of residence in Japan, but also on factors such as income, employment status, living separately from your spouse, time spent married overseas, children, and tax or social insurance payment history. Below are some of the most common situations.
The basic Permanent Residence requirements for spouses do not change based on the applicant's nationality. Whether you are from China, South Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam, the United States, a European country, or elsewhere, the basic approach to screening is the same.
However, documents such as overseas marriage certificates and birth certificates differ by country in terms of name, format, and issuing authority. If you submit documents written in a foreign language, a Japanese translation must also be attached.
A low household income does not automatically result in refusal of a Permanent Residence application. Spouses of Japanese nationals, permanent residents, and special permanent residents are not required to satisfy the statutory “independent livelihood requirement” in the same way as ordinary applicants.
In addition, JPY 3 million in annual income is not a uniform Permanent Residence approval standard officially published by the Immigration Services Agency of Japan. However, income and employment documents are still required in spouse-based Permanent Residence applications. Depending on your circumstances, documents relating to household income, number of dependants, employment status, savings, and other aspects of your current financial situation may need to be prepared.
Being unemployed does not by itself make the applicant or spouse ineligible to apply for Permanent Residence.
There are many possible household situations, such as temporary unemployment due to childcare, caregiving, or medical treatment, or cases where the other spouse has sufficient income. Depending on your situation, you may prepare documents such as an employment certificate for the working spouse, evidence of savings, and a written explanation of the reasons for unemployment.
It is possible to apply for Permanent Residence soon after changing jobs. However, because the employment history at the new workplace is still short, it is important to explain your current employment and income situation clearly.
Additional documents may include an employment certificate, employment contract, payslips, or a certificate showing expected income.
Even if you are living separately, you may still be able to use the spouse exception where there is a reasonable reason for the separation and the genuine marital relationship continues, such as a temporary work assignment, caregiving, medical treatment, or childbirth.
Depending on the circumstances, documents such as a company transfer order, remittance records, travel records, or communication records may be used to explain the reason for living separately and the ongoing marital relationship.
Time spent living together as a genuine married couple outside Japan can also be counted toward the three-year marriage requirement.
For example, if you lived together as a married couple overseas for more than two years, then moved to Japan and have continuously resided here for at least one year, you may satisfy the residence-duration exception.
If your overseas married life needs to be verified, documents such as a marriage certificate, residence certificate, or lease agreement may be required. Documents written in a foreign language must be accompanied by a Japanese translation.
Having children is one factor that may help demonstrate that you are living together as a family in Japan. However, having children does not by itself guarantee approval of Permanent Residence.
Other matters, including the genuineness of the marriage, residence history, and compliance with public obligations such as taxes and social insurance, will also be reviewed.
A foreign-national child may also be able to apply for Permanent Residence together with a parent if the relevant requirements are satisfied.
Biological children of Japanese nationals, permanent residents, or special permanent residents may qualify for an exception requiring at least one continuous year of residence in Japan. However, the applicable application category differs depending on the child's current status of residence and family relationship, so the requirements should be checked separately for both the parent and child.
Self-employed persons and company owners can also apply for Permanent Residence. However, the required documents differ from those for salaried employees. Depending on the case, documents such as tax returns, tax payment records, and materials showing the current condition of the business may need to be reviewed.
Where the spouse is the owner of a business that is subject to mandatory social insurance coverage, the payment status of social insurance contributions by the business itself may also need to be confirmed.
For a Permanent Residence application, whether taxes, pension contributions, and health insurance premiums were paid by their original due dates is an important point in the examination.
Even if all outstanding amounts have been fully paid by the time of application, previous late payments may still be evaluated negatively. It is important to review when and how often payments were late, as well as your subsequent payment history, before deciding when to apply.
We can review the points you should check before applying based on your family's circumstances, including income, recent job changes, living separately from your spouse, time spent married overseas, and applying together with your children.
Contact Us by Email +81-3-6905-6371Required documents vary depending on whether the applicant is the spouse or biological child of a Japanese national, permanent resident, or special permanent resident, and additional documents may be requested depending on the case.
Because the list of required documents for permanent residency may change frequently due to legal revisions, please make sure to check the latest information on the Immigration Services Agency’s official website.
If you entrust your application to ACROSEED Immigration Lawyer's Office, we will prepare the set of documents that we consider to offer the highest chance of approval for your situation, based on the required documents listed on the Immigration Services Agency website and tailored to your circumstances as a holder of a Spouse of Japanese national / Spouse of permanent resident visa applying for permanent residency.
For those who hold a Spouse of Japanese National / Spouse of Permanent Resident / Spouse of Special Permanent Resident visa and wish to apply for permanent residency, the general process is as follows. While maintaining your marriage and actual family life, and building a good track record in tax payment and social insurance, you file the application once you meet the requirements for permanent residency from a Spouse of Japanese national visa.
At ACROSEED Immigration Lawyer's Office, we provide end-to-end support for “Permanent residency applications from a Spouse of Japanese National visa.” We propose an application strategy tailored to each case, taking into account factors such as length of marriage, period of stay in Japan, income, and family/financial dependency.
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The standard processing period published by the Immigration Services Agency for Permanent Residence applications is 4 to 6 months. However, the actual processing time may vary depending on the immigration office handling the application, the timing of filing, the individual circumstances of the case, and whether additional documents are requested.
The government fee for a Permanent Residence application will be revised to ¥200,000 for applications accepted on or after October 1, 2026. Applications accepted by September 30, 2026 will remain subject to the previous ¥10,000 fee, even if Permanent Residence is granted on or after October 1. The fee is paid when Permanent Residence is granted, but the applicable amount is determined by the application acceptance date.
The Immigration Services Agency also publishes actual residence application processing times each month. Please check the official page below for the latest information.
As a general rule, permanent residency in Japan requires that the applicant has continuously resided in Japan for 10 years or more. However, for those holding a Spouse of Japanese National / Spouse of Permanent Resident visa, a special rule called the “spouse exception” applies.
If you have maintained a genuine marital relationship for three years or more and have continuously resided in Japan for at least one year, you may apply for permanent residency from a Spouse of Japanese national visa, provided that you also meet the other requirements (tax payment, pension and health insurance enrollment, good conduct, etc.).
Typical examples of cases where applications are often denied include the following:
These risks can be reduced by submitting additional supporting documents and by carefully choosing the timing of your application. Having a specialist review your case in advance can significantly improve your chances of approval.
Yes. Periods of marriage spent outside Japan can be counted toward the three-year requirement, as long as you were actually living together and maintaining a genuine marital relationship.
However, at the time of your permanent residency application, you must have resided in Japan for at least one continuous year.
To prove the period of cohabitation overseas, it is helpful to submit evidence such as local residence certificates, lease agreements, or remittance records.
Yes, it is possible. In permanent residency examinations from a Spouse of Japanese national visa, the Immigration Bureau does not look only at your annual income figure, but rather evaluates the overall stability of your household finances.
If you can provide a convincing explanation of your overall situation—such as owning your home, having savings, the way living expenses are shared within the family, and prospects for future employment—your application may be approved even if your household income is slightly below the general standard.
It is important to attach supporting documents that clearly show your household finances, such as household budget records, bank balance certificates, and letters from your employer confirming continued employment.
Unpaid or overdue taxes and pension contributions are among the most common reasons for rejection in permanent residency applications.
The screening will cover not only the applicant but also their spouse. In other words, the tax and social insurance situation of the whole household is reviewed.
Before applying, you should complete any back payments and accumulate a record of regular payments over a certain period. Then, submit tax payment certificates and enrollment/payment certificates for pension and health insurance together with your application.
In particular, the Immigration Bureau focuses on the payment status of the last three years of residence tax and the last two years of pension and health insurance. If there were periods of delayed payment or non-enrollment, it is advisable to submit a written explanation to honestly clarify the reasons.
If you are a former Japanese national (someone who previously had Japanese nationality but now holds foreign nationality) and you hold the status of residence “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” as a “child of a Japanese national”, the criteria for permanent residency differ from those of ordinary spouse visa holders.
In this case, because the applicant themselves holds a status of residence based on being the “child of a Japanese national,” the length of marriage and length of stay in Japan are not strictly required in the same way as for Spouse of Japanese national visa holders. Instead, the Immigration Bureau mainly reviews the actual living record in Japan over the most recent one year to determine whether your life is firmly established in Japan.
Thus, for former Japanese nationals residing under the status of “child of a Japanese national,” the conditions for permanent residency are more relaxed than those for general spouse visa holders.
Because the Immigration Bureau focuses on the stability of your life in Japan, the main documents required are taxation and tax payment certificates for the most recent year, certificates of pension and health insurance contributions, and proof of residence such as a certificate of residence (juminhyo).
As a general rule, a one-year period of stay does not satisfy the “maximum period of stay” requirement. Until March 31, 2027, a three-year period is also treated as satisfying that requirement. The treatment changes from April 1, 2027, and a transitional measure applies to people holding a three-year period of stay as of March 31, 2027.
A Permanent Residence application may be accepted while a spouse-visa renewal is pending, but in many cases it is clearer to apply after the renewal result is known. This is particularly relevant if you currently hold a one-year period and expect a three- or five-year period after renewal.
Not every traffic violation results in refusal. However, repeated violations, serious violations, or a fine may affect the good-conduct assessment. The type, frequency, and timing of violations should be reviewed before filing.
Yes, if you continue to hold a valid status of residence and meet the requirements for a re-entry permit or special re-entry permission. However, filing for Permanent Residence does not extend your current period of stay. Long or frequent absences may also affect the assessment of whether Japan remains your principal base of life.
Yes. A recent job change does not automatically prevent an application, but evidence such as an employment certificate, employment contract, payslips, or projected-income certificate may be useful to explain the continuity and stability of the household’s income.
Potentially, yes, where there is a reasonable explanation such as a temporary work assignment, caregiving, medical treatment, or other employment circumstances. Because the spouse exception requires a genuine marital relationship, the reason for living apart, visits, financial support, communication, and plans to live together again should be explained with evidence.
Unemployment of the spouse does not automatically make an application impossible. Income of the applicant, household income, savings, assets, dependants, housing costs, and other circumstances may be relevant when explaining the household’s living situation.
No. Once Permanent Residence is granted, there is no period-of-stay renewal. However, the residence card itself has a validity period, so permanent residents must still renew the validity period of the residence card when required.
Permanent Residence allows you to keep your foreign nationality while living in Japan without a period-of-stay limit. Naturalization means acquiring Japanese nationality. The appropriate option depends on whether you wish to retain your current nationality and on your family’s long-term plans.
Even if you are the spouse of a Japanese national, Permanent Residence is not granted automatically. Immigration authorities conduct a comprehensive review of factors such as the genuineness of the marriage and cohabitation status to date, stability of daily life, and compliance with public obligations including taxes, pension contributions, and health insurance.
Here, we introduce actual approved cases of individuals who obtained Permanent Residence after holding a Spouse of Japanese National visa. Please review these cases while comparing them with your own residence pathway and family circumstances, and use them as a reference when considering how to proceed with your Permanent Residence application.
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Client (from Google Reviews) |
| [Continuous Support Case] Special Landing Permission → Spouse of Japanese National Visa → Permanent Residence |
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Client (from Google Reviews) |
| [Continuous Support Case] Temporary Visitor Visa → Work Visa → Spouse Visa → Permanent Residence |
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VOL.125 Mr./Ms. M (Korea) |
| [Continuous Support Case] Comprehensive support through to Permanent Residence after obtaining a Spouse of Japanese National visa |
Click here to see more approved cases for obtaining Permanent Residence
This service is a professional support package designed for those residing in Japan under the statuses “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” and “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident” who wish to obtain permanent residency in Japan and secure a more stable life beyond the ordinary spouse visa.
ACROSEED Immigration Lawyer's Office has supported many clients applying for permanent residency from a Spouse of Japanese National or Spouse of Permanent Resident visa. Drawing on this experience, we prepare high-approval-rate application documents and handle communication with the Immigration Services Agency, focusing on key screening points such as the substance of the marital relationship, stability of the living base, and tax and social insurance records.
Our service is ideal for those considering permanent residency from a spouse visa in situations such as the following:
To help you move smoothly from a Spouse of Japanese national / permanent resident visa to permanent residency, our specialists—who are well versed in immigration screening trends and the evidence required for approval—will support you throughout the process.
When applying for Permanent Residence from a Spouse of Japanese National visa, immigration authorities assess not only the existence of a legal marriage, but also whether the marriage is genuine, cohabitation is ongoing, and living conditions remain stable and continuous.
At ACROSEED Immigration Lawyer's Office, we organize the relationship and marital history chronologically and present a clear and consistent application narrative supported by appropriate evidence. In cases involving borderline income, frequent job changes, or dependent family members, we comprehensively demonstrate that the couple has maintained a stable married life in Japan.
We apply long-term screening insight and corporate-level standards to your individual case.
Learn MoreExperts who understand screening criteria reduce refusal risks through consulting.
Learn MoreNo dispersed standards — decisions reflect accumulated experience and current trends.
Learn MoreNot interpreters — but practitioners who understand visa evaluation points in English/Chinese.
Learn MoreReal-time status, document tracking, and uploads reduce inquiry stress.
Learn MoreWe decline applications when approval prospects are extremely low — honesty first.
Learn MoreQuality and information security are systemized for long-term client trust.
Learn MoreWe clarify approval prospects, risks, and preparation priorities.
Learn MoreSame standards anywhere in Japan. No hidden charges or mid-process fee increases.
Learn More▼Learn more about the 9 reasons ACROSEED is chosen
ACROSEED has received high evaluations from many clients regarding the quality of our services, regardless of visa type or nationality.
• There are no additional charges based on your individual circumstances.
• ACROSEED provides services throughout Japan. Clients living outside the Tokyo area may also use our services at the fees listed below.
• We accept payment by Visa and MasterCard.
| Permanent Residence from a Work Visa | 200,000 yen |
|---|---|
| Permanent Residence for applicants under the "Engineer / Specialist in Humanities / International Services" visa who qualify for Highly Skilled Professional points | 180,000 yen |
| Permanent Residence from a Highly Skilled Professional Visa, Spouse of Japanese National / Permanent Resident, or Long-Term Resident Visa | 150,000 yen |
| Other Permanent Residence Applications | Quotation Required |
Even if your situation is more complicated than a standard application, there may still be options available. We recommend discussing your circumstances with an immigration professional before making assumptions about your eligibility.
Cases like these may be eligible for our Complex Immigration Case Support Service. After reviewing your circumstances, ACROSEED Immigration Lawyer's Office will explain the available options, possible challenges, and the documents or preparation that may improve your application.
A comprehensive overview of permanent residency applications in Japan: key requirements (income, years of stay, taxes / pension compliance), typical patterns by status of residence, and how to respond to refusals.
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For applicants moving from a spouse visa to permanent residency, this guide explains requirements, documents, and common refusal cases, with a PR self-check tool for spouse visa holders.
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ACROSEED Immigration Lawyer's Office
Representative Administrative Scrivener
Makoto Sano
1998 Graduated from Aoyamagakuin University
2001 Registered as an administrative scrivener
He has Over 20 years of experience as an international administrative scrivener, specializing in foreign employment consulting and residence procedures for foreign residents in Japan.
Click here to see information about his business achievements
Click here to see books he has authored
Since opening our practice in 1986, we have been involved in consulting on visa applications for foreigners for nearly 40 years as an immigration lawyer.
Telephone consultation, email consultation, online consultation, and consultation at our office are available.
